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[Music]

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and I'm PhD student of off sorry about

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it and again my environment it interest

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is so what is life and what is habitable

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so I'm really happy to be part of this

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station and today I would like to talk

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about my mass transit project about

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reconstructing because environment and

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also habitability on Earth and Mars much

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more line of yamaraja go and geochemical

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everything support evidences of awakened

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water on array mouth although the amount

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of amount of water or climate at the

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time is still under debate stage further

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have the beauty on saturn

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environment on planetary surface above

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and assessing availability of oxidant

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and reductant is essential because

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catabolic energy could be available from

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the redox reaction from the cidade and

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chemically reacting in the equilibrium

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state on earth math for the possibility

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of a highly oxidizing environment is

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proposed by my previous study so if you

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interested in this topic please tell me

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after but in this talk I'd like to focus

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on supply of reductant reductant such as

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iron or hydrogen could have supplied

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from subsurface through water Rock

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reaction dissolved by motoric reaction

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to reaction and then supplied by

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upwelling of groundwater in

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understanding the input flux of this

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component we can further predict the

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ecosystem and biomass the sustainable in

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NASA's Curiosity rover which is ongoing

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mission Mars have reported key

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information do to quantify the supply of

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reductant it was a lake environment on

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further Mars the Houston rover landed on

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the calculator and observed Menaka and

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chemical composition of sedimentary

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month which is deposit when the lake

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filled this crater and it was reported

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that muscle layer of reformation is

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characterized by enrichment of silica

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and iron oxide which is seem to be

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pretty precipitated and deposited within

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the lake so this support dissolved iron

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and nickel would have delivered by up

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wearing ground water in public

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environment and especially interest Erin

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could have acted as reductant however

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the contribution of ground water into

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the Gila leg and their sediment is a Hal

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not been investigated well so I tried in

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my study I tried to other this by the

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body into question the first question if

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that groundwater could have upward

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filling the oracles a crater lake and to

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answer this question I use

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three-dimensional hydrological

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simulation to contain about which

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environment

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does capable of operating grant water

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and explain the distribution of Lake and

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then the second question is how much

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thicker interest Erin could be contained

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many for this all in grant water it'll

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reveal this I conducted lowered

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experiment to simulate a water rock

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reaction a subcircuit immersion Mars

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surface a must

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subsurface understand the determining

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factor of his eleven of silicon iron and

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combine in most of the result I

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estimated the input clock of nickel and

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iron and compare with observation to

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assess the rate of space available

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energy three-dimensional hydrological

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simulation on the margin surf motion

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under Mars by using model the originally

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developer to do civil engineering by

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changing the gravitational acceleration

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in this model we can saw steady state of

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water distribution and flow under giving

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topography geology and climate condition

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many based on mass conservation law and

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the zero net loss is a low ground water

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flow and the groundwater flows in

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proportion to the aggregation of

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pressures and to investigate the lake

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distribution and put this on and wrote a

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talk up wedding we calculated the area

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surrounding air cleaners as shown here

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and under different operation rate and

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hydraulic head harder egghead is the

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water level under southbounder surface

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at subsurface so zero means the motor

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rated a surface and one means that the

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that is a lot of water level is lower

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which mean the water amount is small the

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operation that is correspond to climate

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aridity

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also we calculated the for time for also

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16 types of 16 condition but I will show

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the typical three types of wizard under

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different operation rate and different

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hydraulic head

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in this period the left-hand side

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figures show the surface water

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distribution and the right-hand final

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figures show the north-south cross

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section and this line is a streamlined

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Zoda is so the Mayo so this means a

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water flow like this okay and we found

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that there is a term mode or two still

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mode of tartar to model through ground

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water from gradually depend on

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evaporation rate rather than hydraulic

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head in no operation Lake mode or wet

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condition an eviction from south to

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north that follows the topographic

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topography is a main stream whereas

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under high evaporation rate which means

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arid conditions groundwater upgrade from

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operating random of groundwater occur

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and multiple leak appears learning

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calculator and we also found that this

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operating triggered under evaporation

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our highest point one to one millimeter

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per day compared to observation it was

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reported the leg is the luxury sediment

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is found not only inside the calculator

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but also a sum of 13 crater and this is

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well explained by operating mode rather

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than advection mode

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so our readers support arid climate and

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shallow water table at the time we'll

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look at the water and existed on Mars in

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come from five or ten kilometer beneath

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the surface where temperature is of

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highest hundred degree considering the

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temperature gradient at that time so to

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understand estimated composition of

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groundwater we use the word experiment

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to simulate the hydrothermal thread and

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what Rock reaction starting material

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seems like grass which okay of its

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chemical composition follow the

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conglomerate that oh that of measured by

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curiosity class and crash grain like

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this including the reaction vessels of

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made with made by coal pure gold

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together with pure water and carbon

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dioxide gas and pressurised by water and

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heated to assimilate high temperature

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and high pressure cool condition and

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Martian subsurface and kept for more

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than two months

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the chemistry of the lake example

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created during the experiment and I know

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that the mineralogy of the remain solid

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sample and here is a research and this

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figure shows the time variation of ion

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and concentration ion and camera dioxide

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and also pH of the solution and we can

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you can see that the concentration of C

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created almost table which means the

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reason the concentration controlled by

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the dollar store equilibrium with

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precipitated secondary mineral and

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compared to the silica are the

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concentration iron is very low but this

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is not

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because other the alkaline solution iron

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and magnesium is stable in solid phase

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and this is consistent with the middle

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of observed minerals issuing here and we

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found the previous precipitation of

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Haran magnus still bearing clay minerals

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such as serpentine estoppel night and we

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can also found we also found the

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precipitation seeker is all silica rich

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material and also a trace amount of

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calcite and magnetite and to understand

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compare them major concentration with

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term thermodynamic internal curry

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predicted concentration assuming the

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direction equilibria always these form

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detected minerals and we found that the

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concentration of sneaker is well

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explained by the original equilibria

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with cold whereas that of iron is well

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explained only by the solution cable

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with cigarette or carbonate of iron

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surprisingly

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other observed minerals correspond to

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more lower much lower concentrations so

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this means that trace amount of silica

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control the concentration of article

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so I'm combining both of the reservists

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one model and experiment with the missus

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apply flux of silica and iron the

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operating rate of groundwater should

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have comparable to the evaporation rate

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concentration of sake guys like this and

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multiplying this we can estimate the

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flux of sneaker and also deposition rate

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assuming upcoming silica all about

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silica the precipitate I on the other

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hand here over reported the mud must on

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there possess the fine alum in astronomy

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Gnostic alumina lytic layer on which

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thickness is comparable to the

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deposition rate which means La Mina in

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we can also estimate the products of our

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own in the similar way and together with

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oxidizing environment the Gibbs free

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energy generated by generated by

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oxidation of iron to hematite can be

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calculated all highest 0.1 Joule per

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kilogram upward in groundwater and

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together with anabolic energy that

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estimated based on TV stereo and your

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microbiological study the biomass

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sustainable by this our own operating it

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estimated up the 0.1 gram per square

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meters per month year it this this

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amount is compared to the deposition

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rate around 100 ppm of Oregon

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it's detectable by your zero so to

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summarize to estimate the available

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energy based on observation if you

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conduct an hydrological simulation and

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water reactor experiment yeah thank you

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morning hi

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are you interested in kind of going

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another step further and sort of

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starting to see you how it's sulfur rich

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atmosphere might start interacting with

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the fluids you're predicting to generate

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a lot of the metastable sulfates like

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someone mentioned chair said earlier and

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those are the things that we see in

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calculator yes yes yeah I'm always

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interested in circles and I'm thinking

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of yeah surprise it also really reactive

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and so I'm thinking of estimating server

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flux in my mmm I think I can either in

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my PhD or my PhD studies topic yes thank

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yeah hey big you really can talk um in

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your experiment you had like it outflow

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tube so you could to the sample yes were

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you taking that water like everyday and

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was that reducing the amount of water in

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your experiment and you feel that cause

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then II don't know change the

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concentration of ions or anything like

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that my experiment yeah we get sample

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from online sample and so I measured

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about seven times okay yeah

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and so but mother something the amount

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of sample is very small so it's not

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hi there we go so just a quick question

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about your prevailing assumption of the

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availability of oxidants so in your

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schematic you kind of showed it as

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oxygen in the atmosphere yes and I

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assume that you're thinking that the

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oxygen is produced by some photolytic

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upper or lower limits on your assumption

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of what the atmospheric level of oxygen

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could have been in order to produce

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these reactions related by the kirov

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upon the manganese oxide in the filament

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so we think we are thinking also more

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than several maneuvers

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atmosphere should be in the Ottoman era

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to explain that funny

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Oh margulies oxide inga filament all